𝐆𝐑𝐄𝐆𝐎𝐑𝐈𝐔𝐒 𝐗𝐕𝐈, 𝐄𝐏𝐈𝐒𝐂𝐎𝐏𝐔𝐒 𝐑𝐎𝐌𝐀𝐍𝐔𝐒, 𝐒𝐄𝐑𝐕𝐔𝐒 𝐒𝐄𝐑𝐕𝐎𝐑𝐔𝐌 𝐃𝐄𝐈 ♱ Gregory XVI opposed the separation of Church and state and defended the concord between ecclesiastical and civil authority. Several cardinals and bishops supported this position and opposed the liberal ideas associated with Félicité de Lamennais. Among the Catholic monarchs of the period who were broadly sympathetic to this traditional Catholic political order were King Charles X of France, King Ferdinand VII of Spain, and King Miguel I of Portugal. #popegregoryxvi #monarchy #churchandstate #Jesus #catholic